Child Abuse and its Role in Bastard Out of Carolina by...

While reading the semi-autobiographical, Bastard Out of Carolina, by Dorothy Allison, I was stunned by the explicit nature of the novel. We were introduced to a young narrator and protagonist named, Ruth Anne â€Å"Bone† Boatwright. Bones family, like that of the author, experienced a impoverished life, all the while she tried to find her place in a society that had literally labeled her â€Å"illegitimate.† Merriam-Webster defines illegitimate as being: (1) not recognized as lawful offspring; specifically: born of parents not married to each other (2) not rightly deduced or inferred- illogical (3) departing for the regular- erratic (4) not sanctioned by law- illegal (5) not authorized by good usage. As a young girl, how would it feel being†¦show more content†¦It was not until the early 1870s that child abuse was first brought into light. The Child-Protection Movement started with the news of one eight year-old orphan named Mary Ellen Wilson. After the passi ng of her biological mother and father, Mary Ellen was left in the care of her biological fathers widow, Mary McCormack Connolly. Mrs. McCormack Connolly badly mistreated Mary Ellen, and neighbors in the building were well aware of the childs predicament (Mary Ellen Wilson, 2013). It was not until Etta Angell Wheeler, a caring Methodist mission worker, visited the residence and noticed Mary Ellens condition. Ms. Wheeler describes her first meeting with Mary Ellen, as such: â€Å"It was December and the weather bitterly cold. She was a tiny mite, the size of five years, though, as afterward appeared, she was then nine. From a pan set upon a low stool she stood washing dishes, struggling with a frying pan about as heavy as herself. Across the table lay a brutal whip of twisted leather strands and the childs meagre arms and legs bore many marks of its use. But the saddest part of her story was written on her face in its look of suppression and misery, the face of a child unloved, of a child that had seen only the fearsome side of life. These things I saw while seeming not to see, and I left without speaking to, or of, the child. I neverShow MoreRelatedI Am My Mother s Abuser2054 Words   |  9 Pagesfurther apart. I found myself in my own physically abuse relationship at the age of fourteen till seventeen. When I look at myself, I see so much of my mother and the women she is. The most complex relationship a female will have is the one with her own mother. Because of this natural and special connection that exists between a mother and her daughter. A mother is eeply connected to their daughter as soon as she gives birth to her. She believes this child is everything that is good and innocent within

Adolescence And Emerging Adults Adolescence - 2029 Words

Adolescence is a period of various biological, cognitive and socio-emotional changes. The storm and stress view of adolescence sees this developmental period as a turbulent time period with stress, conflict and mood swings. In-between the transition from adolescence to adulthood, a period called emerging adulthood occurs between 18 to 25 years of age. During this period the emerging adult explores identity, opportunities and independence. This is a period of instability for the emerging adult in various fronts such as work, love and education (Santrock, 2014). Being a time period of changes and identity formation, a wide spectrum of problems affects adolescence and emerging adults. The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that biological factors, psychological factors and social factors interact together and influence the problems faced by adolescence and emerging adults. During adolescence and emerging adulthood, various problems such as drug abuse, emotional problems, relationship problems and academic problems affect individuals due to various risk factors. Risk factors are predictors of problems that an individual may face. The risk factors do not guarantee that an individual would develop the problems; it instead predicts that individuals may have an elevated probability of developing the related problems (Santrock, 2014). A scale developed by Peter Benson suggests 40 developmental assets, both internal and external factors that adolescence need in order to facilitateShow MoreRelatedEssay on Developmental Issues That Come with Emerging Adulthood901 Words   |  4 PagesTopic- Developmental issues that come with emerging adulthood (Transition from adolescence to young adulthood) Adolescence is the transitional period in a persons life time that links childhood and adulthood. 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I did not think as much into the fact the adolescence is so different in many cultures. I thought everyoneRead MoreAdolesent Self-Portrait Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesadulthood.  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Christine Bachrach  (Adolescence Quotes | Quotes about Adolescence, n.d.). Adolescence is a time to dramatic change, challenges, and growth, it is a miraculous that anyone survives. The experience of adolescence has not changed much until recently because of the access to technology. Prior to this adolescence was a predictable period of growth, a rite of passage for many young people. What it feels like to be an adolescent Adolescence is a time of self-discovery; it isRead MoreAdolescence : Everything Changes? Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescence: Everything Changes Adolescence is a transitional stage of development that has been defined as starting with puberty and lasting the years a person is roughly aged ten to twenty. Dramatic changes take place during adolescence; no other time period of a person’s life except infancy contains so much development into such a short time span. Puberty has historically been viewed as the starting point of adolescence and several factors play a role in determining the timing of puberty suchRead MoreEmerging Adulthood As A Group Of Individuals Who Lack Discipline And Express Self Destructive Behavior1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe older generations view emerging adulthood as a group of individuals who lack discipline and express self-destructive behavior’s for no apparent reason, however studies have shown that it is more complex and dynamic than just lacking discipline. The group comprising emerging adults surpasses every other group in the use of drugs, alcohol, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s). Emerging adults have a feeling of being â€Å"in-between† and are focused on figuring out who they are while trying toRead MoreEmerging Adulthood : A Step Up From Childhood1102 Words   |  5 PagesIn sociology, emerging adulthood is the period in time of an person’s life where they are between adolescence and adulthood. This term was proposed by Jeffrey Arnett, a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Clark University, in an article called American Psychologist. In the article he describes emerging adults as young individuals who do not have their own children, don’t own a home, or do not have a sufficient source of income to become completely independent (Arnett, 2000). There is anotherRead MoreArticle Analysis of Lynn Smiths Betwixt and Bewildered: Scholars are Intrigued by the Angst of Emerging Adults1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe article Betwixt and Bewildered: Scholars are Intrigued by the Angst of Emerging Adults by Lynn Smith discu sses a societal trend towards young adults (18-25) who are struggling to achieve the traditional markers of adulthood. The article covers some of the scholarly debate of the subject, wherein some researchers accept the phenomenon, others reject it, and between them they find little in the way of clear definition of the problem and its ramifications. There are some interesting points toRead MoreAdolescence Is Defined By The Novel The Scarlet Letter 890 Words   |  4 Pages​According to out textbook, adolescence is defined â€Å"as the period of transition between children and adulthood that involves biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes† (Santrock, 2014). According to Santrock there are two stages in adolescence, late and early adolescence. Early Adolescence corresponds to the middle school or junior high school years and includes most pubertal changes, while late adolescence refers approximately to the latter half of the second decade of life. In the film

Parabolic Dish Receiver

Question: Describe about the Parabolic Dish Receiver? Answer: Introduction Parabola is a mathematical term that shows a curve bulging inside. Parabolic antennas or called as parabolic dish are very useful in high-gain antennas for point to point communication that carries data or information from one point to another. The antenna is a term that refers to an electrical conductor and carries two related terms with it termed as transmitter (that will radiate electromagnetic energy into space) and receiver (it will collect electromagnetic energy from space). Communication medium is the most valuable area in networks and in the world of communication systems today. Combination of guided and unguided medium made it possible to communicate among various networks. As the field and study of radiations and antennas is vast one, incomplete information does not make sense and that was a major reason to select such project that will enhance the knowledge of communication networks through microwave radiations with to make a parabolic dish receiver located at the fixed focus of dish. The IEEE definition of an antenna as given by Stutzman and Thiele is, That part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. Theory of Operation Overview Basically a parabolic antenna has a parabolic reflector that reflects from its focus point. We can take an example of a parabolic reflector with diagram which is as follows:- The reflector can be of various materials like sheet metal, wire grill construction etc., a metal screen reflects radio waves that comes to it and that are linearly polarized. System Structure There are some principles and parameters associated with the parabolic antenna and they are as follows:- b.1. Antenna Gain- this is a measure that has the ability to direct input the waves in particular direction and measured at the radiations on its intensity of working. An isotropic antenna can increase the intensity of its peak and it is given by: S = P0/4R2 Gain can be achieved by directing the radiations in different ways based on their patterns. b.2 Antenna efficiency- it can br measured through the integral of the radiation over the radiation input power and can be measured according to the antenna efficiency. b.3 effective area-antenna captures through passing the waves and passing the data to the data terminals who are ready to send and receive the data and power is delivered to the terminals and that will be a product of the same. b.4 directivity-is the measure of concentration that a radiations has on the dish that gives it a power. Taking an example of radiation intensity It can be plotted as a 3D graph or as a 2D polar or Cartesian slice of this 3D graph. It is an extremely parameter as it shows the antennas directivity as well as gain at various points in space. It serves as the signature of an antenna and one look at it is often enough to realize the antenna that produced it. b.5 Beam width- The angular width of the beam radiated by high-gain antennas is measured Example of equations is as follows- For parabolic antennas, the HPBWis given by: wherekis a factor which varies slightly depending on the shape of the reflector and the feed illumination pattern. For an ideal uniformly illuminated parabolic reflector andin degrees,kwould be 57.3 (the number of degrees in a radian). For a "typical" parabolic antennakis approximately 70. For a typical 2 metersatellite dishoperating onC band(4GHz), this formula gives a beamwidth of about 2.6. For the Arecibo antenna at 2.4GHz the beamwidth is 0.028. It can be seen that parabolic antennas can produce very narrow beams, and aiming them can be a problem. Some parabolic dishes are equipped with aboresightso they can be aimed accurately at the other antenna. It can be seen there is an inverse relation between gain and beam width. By combining the beamwidth equation with the gain equation, the relation is Block Operation Diagrammatically, microwave radiations can be represented as follows undertaking the development part of the hardware for the same that is given below:- Internal eg. :- Technical The example of focal length calculation is as follows:- Determining the focal length of a parabolic dish (axi-symmetric, circular) Focal length = f Depth = c Diameter = D f = ( D * D ) / ( 16 * c ) Measure the depth using a tight fishing line across the dish and a rule to measure depth c. Parabolic dish showing measurements needed to determine focallength. Project Narration Communication medium is the most valuable area in networks and in the world of communication systems today. Combination of guided and unguided medium made it possible to communicate among various networks.As the field and study of radiations and antennas is vast one, incomplete information does not make sense and that was a major reason to select such project that will enhance the knowledge of communication networks through microwave radiations with to make a parabolic dish receiver located at the fixed focus of dish. Parabolic antenna works on the principle of a point source of radio waves which mets at the focal point of reflector, also known as paraboloidal reflector of material which will be reflected into a plain surface beam along the axis of the reflector. Validation Basically a parabolic antenna has a parabolic reflector that reflects from its focus point. As the field and study of radiations and antennas is vast one,The reflector can be of various materials like sheet metal, wire grill construction etc., a metal screen reflects radio waves that comes to it and that are linearly polarized. Conclusions Concluding the report a parabolic antenna works on the principle of a point source of radio waves which meets at the focal point of reflector, also known as paraboloidal reflector of material which will be reflected into a plain surface beam along the axis of the reflector. Antenna Gain is a measure that has the ability to direct input the waves in particular direction and measured at the radiations on its intensity of working. Bibliography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolic_antenna https://www.satsig.net/focal-length-parabolic-dish.htm

Sissy and Louisa Essay Example

Sissy and Louisa Paper During the course of Book one, Dickens introduces us to both Sissy and Louisa. He presents them very differently and therefore immediately gives us a sense of their contrasting values. From this Book, we learn much about both characters and it is made clear that due to their different upbringings they have very different views on life. Even from the outset of the novel Sissy is identified with a heavenly light and her dark-eyed and dark-haired nature appeared to give her a lustrous colour from the sun. This suggests that she is at her best when surrounded by warmth and love. Dickens emphasises Sissys uniqueness when he says that only she, out of all the class is irradiated by the ray of sunlight. This shows that Sissy is different from all the members of her class and enables the reader to see her, for the first time, as the angelic character that she is. Louisa, being one of Thomas Gradgrinds children, has clearly had a very different upbringing to that of Sissy. She is first seen curiously peeping with all her might at the goings-on at the horse-riding performance. Her action is symbolic of her yearning to experience more than the hard scientific facts she has learnt all her life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sissy and Louisa specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sissy and Louisa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sissy and Louisa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She claims to have been tired a long time of her life devoid of emotions and the fact that she instinctively seeks romance and laughter when all she has known are theories and statistics, shows that she is viewed by Dickens as a pathetic product of her fathers philosophy. The entry of Sissy into the Gradgrind household proves to be an influential factor in the eventual resolution of repressive situations in this novel. Sissy represents what the Gradgrind children could have been without their fathers strict confinements. She is innocent, with an inviolable capacity for Fancy. Even when living under Gradgrinds constant onslaught of Fact, the upbringing that finds his children to be repressed is never enough to deny her childish personality. Louisa develops a childhood relationship with Sissy, cultivating her need for Fancy in small steps. Sissy clearly represents everything that is suppressed within Louisa. It is Sissy who begins to enlighten her of the wonders of emotions, thus highlighting Louisas lack of them beforehand. Unlike Sissy, she appears to have no real understanding of love. She asks her father if he asks [her] to love Mr Bounderby, suggesting that she doesnt understand about this emotions and feels it is something that can simply be acquired. Louisa is confined and nai ve. She knows little about life itself and therefore is very interested in Sissys stories. She is especially curious of Sissys relationship with her father, as this is quite alien to her. Sissy had a very loving and tender relationship with her father, who is described to dote upon her. When Sissy leaves her circus family, her departure is a very emotional one and she is clearly very attached to her friends. She feels that to abandon her circus origins will break [her] heart, a concept that Louisa is not familiar with. Sissy comes from a world of music, nature and drama. She has been brought up very differently from Louisa and consequently has been taught to appreciate different things. Whereas Louisa sees important in maths and science, Sissy values her father and his love for her. Sissys animated character and her enthusiasm to learn contrasts greatly with Louisas emotionless vocabulary and jaded, apathetic state of mind. Their differences in upbringing and in life in general, allow them to form a relationship where their contrasting views are shown evermore present. Throughout the first book, we understand that Louisa is clearly fascinated by Sissy different background. When Sissy enters the Gradgrind household she is warned never to speak of her past life, and from constant encouragement by Louisa to disobey her father in this sense, we can understand that she has the potential to appreciate her emotions.

The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States

The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States Introduction East Asian crisis of 1997/1989 is listed among the most transmittable economic crises in the last two decades (Shambaugh Yahuda, 2009, p. 5). Countries which were most affected include Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and South Korea. However, the crisis also affected other economies like China, Singapore and Taiwan. This crisis started as a speculative attack on Thailand’s economy in mid 1997 but quickly spread to the neighbouring economies. By October 1997, Thai currency had fallen by approximately 40 percent, Philippine and Malaysian currencies by 30 percent and the rest of East Asian currencies by 35 to 40 percent against the American dollar.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial Crisis Impacts on East Asian States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The worst hit economies experienced grave socio-economic and political challenges (Lane, 1999, p. 5). This crisis later took a ne w dimension, commonly known as twin crisis. The policy response to the currency crisis later led to a crisis in the financial institutions. This took place mainly in South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. This crisis caused total chaos in Indonesia due to its impact in the political and economic front. However, Taiwan and Singapore escaped without dire consequences. Republic of China, particularly Hong Kong took ground-breaking steps to avert the effect of the crisis (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 2). The financial crisis was attributed to the advent of globalization. However, there are numerous alternative explanations on the cause of this crisis. Frankel and Kose (1996, p.352) attributed the looming crisis to flagging fundamentals. In other words, huge budgetary deficits, increased money supply, massive deficits in the current account, and reserve losses. They explain that when these principle elements are not consistent with monetary supply they can cause speculative attack. Lane (1999, p. 8) attribute it to moral hazards such as lack of transparency which leads to selection challenges making the economy defenceless. These vulnerabilities can be hidden until the crisis hit. He also adds that economies’ inability to service outstanding short-term debts may have caused the crisis. Radelet and Sachs (2001, p. 12) argued that herding and panicking may have forced rational investors to pull out their investment in anticipation of the crisis. This paper will focus only on three countries: Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand. Pre-Crisis Before the crisis, these countries were experiencing stellar economic growth. Their GDP grew very rapidly at two digits from 1990 to 1996. With their cumulative growth rate being over 110 percent in the seven year period, there is no wonder economists referred to them as miracle economies. However, when the crisis hit between 1997 and1998, these countries were most affected (Berger, 2003, p.388). Experts argue that the cu rrent account deficit might have played a huge role in the currency crisis in these three countries. Prior to the crisis, these three countries had massive current account deficit. Their percentages were way above five percent which many would regard as very risky. It is believed that the high economic growth experienced in the three countries before the crisis was boosted by massive import of capital goods at the expense of exports. This may have contributed to the massive deficit in the current account (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 25; McDougall, 2007, p. 5). In addition, the gap between investment and saving may have also contributed to the current account deficit. Even though East Asian is generally well known for high saving rate, the high level of investment required to sustain the rapid growth rate during the seven-year period meant that the three countries were spending more than they were saving (McDougall, 2007, p. 6).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the theories of international economics, current account deficit should be equal to the current account surplus. Current account surplus is therefore the flipside of the current account deficit (Kevin, 2011, p.10). In the seven-year period (1990-1996), South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand had capital account surplus. In other words, they had strong capital inflows. A large capital inflow is not necessarily an issue, but inflows (in forms of short term debts) can be very problematic to the economy. Given the high level of competition especially from the emerging Asian giants (Indian and China), foreign direct investment was declining thus necessitating these kinds of inflows to fuel rapidly growing economy. In 1996, total foreign loan as a percentage of gross domestic products was estimated to be over 40 percent in Thailand, 25 percent in South Korea, and 22 percent in Malaysia (MacIn tyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 45). On the other hand, short term debts constituted more than 75 percent of the total loan in South Korea, 65 percent in Thailand, and 56 percent in Malaysia. Therefore, these countries relied heavily on short term loans to fuel their economies (Kevin, 2011, p.10). The crisis was further aggravated by exchange rate regime and financial liberation (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 26). Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia were on a quasi-peg system with their monetary policies being regulated within narrow bands. Even though quasi-peg system minimises currency volatility, local currency policies must conform to the pegged currency. Since all these countries peg their currency against the U.S dollar, their policies put a lot of pressure on the exchange rate. Furthermore, the inflation rate for these countries was above 5 percent compared to the United State’s 2.5 percent (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 27). As expected, the currency should have depreciated against th e dollar. However, since the exchange rate system in these countries strived to stabilize the currency, it led to overestimation of currency values in a number of ways. In addition to their low level of global reserves, the three countries became more vulnerable to speculative attack. The exchange rate vulnerability coupled with financial liberalization meant that the build-up in vulnerability was unavoidable (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 45). The factors that precipitated susceptibility to the actual crisis were the speculative attack on Thailand’s currency in mid 1997. The early attack was massive and extended to other countries within East Asia. The crisis exposed Thai Central Bank which had reported deceptive figures on usable reserves (Lane, 1999, p. 8). The financial crisis was similar to the crisis that hit Mexico in 1995 and the difference was only on the excessive capital outflow.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial Crisi s Impacts on East Asian States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Within the first quarter of the crisis only, Thailand’s estimated capital flight was almost 30 percent of gross domestic product. This was way too high than the figure recorded in Mexico during the 1995 crisis (McDougall, 2007, p. 10). The excessive capital outflow was as a result of the response to the susceptibilities that had accumulated and at that particular moment, it was observed through depreciating currencies (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). The three main elements of this crisis were capital outflow, minimum reserves, and volatile interest rates. Having to defend capital flight that was destabilizing their currencies and low international reserves, the central banks in Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia had no other option but to float their currencies and increase interest rates to avert total economic breakdown. Given their exceedingly leveraged economies, incre asing interest rates in these countries was very agonizing and had undesired effects (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 29). The initial currency crisis led into another crisis in the local banking sector. The real sector also felt the impact of the rising interest rates since the rate of defaulters also increased. The severity of this crisis was evident in contracted GDP. The average GDP growth for the three economies during the crisis fell below 9 percent in contrast to 11 percent witnessed before the crisis. The monetary sector also experienced similar radical contraction (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). Post-crisis Initially, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea embraced policies that had contracting effect. The principle objective of these policies was to stabilize the economy. This lasted from August 1997 to almost September 1998. Afterwards, they started using expansionary/pro-growth policies (Berger, 2003, p.389). If the pace and extent at which these economies went down were astounding, the pace of their recovery was similarly astonishing. By August 1999, real GDP for these countries had become positive. Economic growth in Malaysia, South Korea and Thailand got a boost from the strong growth in the global economy. With all of these countries witnessing positive growth in the economy, the recovery process was genuine. Undoubtedly, South Korea registered the strongest recovery (Calder Ye, 2010, p. 30). Even though the macroeconomic policies embraced by these countries were the same, their policy response was not the same. Given the massive capital flight and its impact on the economy, these countries had to either avert the situation or find new inflows to prevent total economic collapse (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 46). Malaysia opted to impose policies that regulated capital outflow and fixed its currency. However, Thailand and South Korea preferred the IMF route. In other words, they accepted huge financial packages from the International Monetary Fund. S outh Korea received 58 billion dollars while Thailand was given 36 billion dollars. Nevertheless, the IMF packages came with conditions. Besides the official financing, these countries (South Korea and Thailand) were required to adopt structural reforms and embrace new macroeconomic policies. Even though the path chosen by these countries were not the same, their macroeconomic policies were almost similar (Radelet Sachs, 2001, p. 17). The main aim of the IMF’s structural reform was leveraging. This was to be accomplished in two stages. First, these countries had to tidy up the mess created by the crisis, and this was to be followed by reinforcing the remaining structures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first step entailed resuscitation of the vital institutions and closing down the institutions that were not viable. South Korea and Thailand conformed to these standard procedures. However, Malaysia preferred a different path. It opted to absorb unviable institutions instead of doing away with them. The second part of structural reforms was largely the same in these countries (MacIntyre, Pempel Ravenhill, 2008, p. 48). Conclusion From the study, it is very clear that before crisis started East Asian countries had started to show flaws and vulnerabilities. This conforms to a number of literatures explored in the current study. As noted earlier, the three main elements of the crisis were capital outflow, minimum reserves, and volatile interest rates. Having to defend capital flight that was destabilizing their currencies and low international reserves, the central banks in Thailand, South Korea and Malaysia had no other option but to take necessary steps to avert the crisis. Even though these countries followed different paths to stabilize the economy, they employed almost identical macroeconomic policies. References Berger, T. U. 2003, Power and Purpose in Pacific East Asia: A Constructivist Interpretation. In G. J. Ikenberry and M. Mastanduno, eds., International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 387-419. Calder, K. Ye, M. 2010, The Making of Northeast Asia, Stanford University Press, Stanford. Frankel, J. Kose, A. K. 1996, ‘Currency crashes in emerging markets: an empirical treatment’, Journal of International Economics, vol.41, pp. 351-366. Kevin, G. C. 2011, The Political Economy of East Asia: Regional and National Dimensions, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Lane, T. 1999, ‘The Asian financial crisis: what have we learned?’ Finance Development, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 5-45. MacIntyre, A., Pempel, T. J. Ravenhill, J. 2008, Crisis as Catalyst: Asias Dynamic Political Economy, Cornell U niversity Press. McDougall, D. 2007, Asia Pacific in World Politics, Lynne Rienner Pub., Boulder, Colorado. Shambaugh, D. Yahuda, M. 2009, International Relations of Asia, Rowman Littlefield publishers, Inc. ISBN: 978-0742556959.

John Bell Hood in the Civil War

John Bell Hood in the Civil War Early Life Career: John Bell Hood was born either June 1 or 29, 1831, to Dr. John W. Hood and Theodosia French Hood at Owingsville, KY. Though his father did not wish a military career for his son, Hood was inspired by his grandfather, Lucas Hood, who, in 1794, had fought with Major General Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers during the Northwest Indian War (1785-1795). Obtaining an appointment to West Point from his uncle, Representative Richard French, he entered school in 1849. An average student, he was nearly expelled by Superintendent Colonel Robert E. Lee for an unauthorized visit to a local tavern. In the same class as Philip H. Sheridan, James B. McPherson, and John Schofield, Hood also received instruction from future adversary George H. Thomas.   Nicknamed Sam and ranked 44th of 52, Hood graduated in 1853, and was assigned to the 4th US Infantry in California. Following peaceful duty on the West Coast, he was reunited with Lee in 1855, as part of Colonel Albert Sidney Johnstons 2nd US Cavalry in Texas. Adopting the struck in the hand by a Comanche arrow near Devils River, TX during a routine patrol from Fort Mason. The following year, Hood received a promotion to first lieutenant. Three years later, he was assigned to West Point as Chief Instructor of Cavalry. Concerned about the growing tensions between the states, Hood requested to remain with the 2nd Cavalry. This was granted by the US Army Adjutant General, Colonel Samuel Cooper, and he stayed in Texas. Early Campaigns of the Civil War: With the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, Hood immediately resigned from the US Army. Enlisting in the Confederate Army at Montgomery, AL, he quickly moved through the ranks. Ordered to Virginia to serve with Brigadier General John B. Magruders cavalry, Hood earned early fame for a skirmish near Newport News on July 12, 1861. As his native Kentucky remained in the Union, Hood elected to represent his adopted state of Texas and on September 30, 1861, was appointed as colonel of the 4th Texas Infantry. After a brief period in this post, he was given command of the Texas Brigade on February 20, 1862, and promoted to brigadier general the following month. Assigned to General Joseph E. Johnstons Army of Northern Virginia, Hoods men were in reserve at Seven Pines in late May as Confederate forces worked to halt Major General George McClellans advance up the Peninsula. In the fighting, Johnston was wounded and replaced by Lee. Taking a more aggressive approach, Lee soon commenced an offensive against the Union troops outside Richmond. During the resulting Seven Days Battles in late June, Hood established himself as a daring, aggressive commander who led from the front. Serving under Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson, the highlight of Hoods performance during the fighting was a decisive charge by his men at the Battle of Gaines Mill on June 27. With the defeat of McClellan on the Peninsula, Hood was promoted and given command of a division under Major General James Longstreet. Taking parting the Northern Virginia Campaign, he further developed his reputation as a gifted leader of assault troops at the Second Battle of Manassas in late August. In the course of the battle, Hood and his men played a key role in Longstreets decisive attack on Major General John Popes left flank and the defeat of Union forces. The Antietam Campaign: In the wake of the battle, Hood became involved in a dispute over captured ambulances with Brigadier General Nathan G. Shanks Evans. Reluctantly placed under arrest by Longstreet, Hood was ordered to leave the army. This was countered by Lee who allowed Hood to travel with the troops as they began the invasion of Maryland. Just prior to the Battle of South Mountain, Lee returned Hood to his post after the Texas Brigade marched by chanting Give us Hood! At no point did Hood ever apologize for his conduct in the dispute with Evans. In the battle on September 14, Hood held the line at Turners Gap and covered the armys retreat to Sharpsburg. Three days later at the Battle of Antietam, Hoods division raced to the relief of Jacksons troops on the Confederate left flank. Putting in a brilliant performance, his men prevented the collapse of the Confederate left and succeeded in driving back Major General Joseph Hookers I Corps. Attacking with ferocity, the division suffered over 60% casualties in the fighting. For Hoods efforts, Jackson recommended that he be elevated to major general. Lee concurred and Hood was promoted on October 10. That December, Hood and his division were present at the Battle of Fredericksburg but saw little fighting on their front. With the arrival of spring, Hood missed the Battle of Chancellorsville as Longstreets First Corps had been detached for duty around Suffolk, VA. Gettysburg: Following the triumph at Chancellorsville, Longstreet rejoined Lee as Confederate forces again moved north. With the Battle of Gettysburg raging on July 1, 1863, Hoods division reached the battlefield late in the day. The next day, Longstreet was ordered to attack up the Emmitsburg Road and strike the Union left flank. Hood opposed the plan as it meant his troops would have to assault a boulder-strewn area known as the Devils Den. Requesting permission to move to the right to attack the Union rear, he was refused. As the advance started around 4:00 PM, Hood was badly wounded in his left arm by shrapnel. Taken from the field, Hoods arm was saved, but it remained disabled for the remainder of his life. Command of the division passed to Brigadier General Evander M. Law whose efforts to dislodge Union forces on Little Round Top failed. Chickamauga: After recuperating in Richmond, Hood was able to rejoin his men on September 18 as Longstreets corps was shifted west to aid General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee. Reporting for duty on the eve of the Battle of Chickamauga, Hood directed a series of attacks on the first day before overseeing a key assault which exploited a gap in the Union line on September 20.   This advance drove much of the Union army from the field and provided the Confederacy with one of its few signature victories in the Western Theater. In the fighting, Hood was badly wounded in the right thigh which required the leg to be subsequently amputated a few inches below the hip. For his bravery, he was promoted to lieutenant general effective that date. The Atlanta Campaign: Returning to Richmond to recover, Hood befriended Confederate President Jefferson Davis. In the spring of 1864, Hood was given command of a corps in Johnstons Army of Tennessee. Tasked with defending Atlanta from Major General William T. Sherman, Johnston conducted a defensive campaign which included frequent retreats. Angered by his superiors approach, the aggressive Hood wrote several critical letters to Davis expressing his displeasure. The Confederate president, unhappy with Johnstons lack of initiative, replaced him with Hood on July 17. Given the temporary rank of general, Hood was only thirty-three and became the youngest army commander of the war. Defeated on July 20 at the Battle of Peachtree Creek, Hood launched a series of offensive battles in an attempt to push back Sherman. Unsuccessful in each attempt, Hoods strategy only served to weaken his already out-numbered army. With no other options, Hood was compelled to abandon Atlanta on September 2. The Tennessee Campaign: As Sherman prepared for his March to the Sea, Hood and Davis planned a campaign to defeat the Union general. In this, Hood sought to move north against Shermans supply lines in Tennessee forcing him to follow. Hood then hoped to defeat Sherman before marching north to recruit men and join Lee in the siege lines at Petersburg, VA. Aware of Hoods operations to the west, Sherman dispatched Thomas Army of the Cumberland and Schofields Army of the Ohio to protect Nashville while he moved towards Savannah. Crossing into Tennessee on November 22, Hoods campaign was beset with command and communication issues. After failing to trap part of Schofields command at Spring Hill, he fought the Battle of Franklin on November 30. Assaulting a fortified Union position without artillery support, his army was badly mauled and six generals killed. Unwilling to admit defeat, he pressed on to Nashville and was routed by Thomas on December 15-16. Retreating with the remnants of his army, he resigned on January 23, 1865. Later Life: In the final days of the war, Hood was dispatched to Texas by Davis with the goal of raising a new army. Learning of Davis capture and the surrender of Texas, Hood surrendered to Union forces at Natchez, MS on May 31. After the war, Hood settled in New Orleans where he worked in insurance and as a cotton broker. Marrying, he fathered eleven children before his death from yellow fever on August 30, 1879. A gifted brigade and division commander, Hoods performance dropped as he was promoted to higher commands. Though renowned for his early successes and ferocious attacks, his failures around Atlanta and in Tennessee permanently damaged his reputation as a commander. Selected Sources Civil War Home: John Bell HoodNorth Georgia: John Bell Hood

International Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International Marketing Strategy - Essay Example However, the strategy will shift to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with the potential to eat into Nestle’s market share. The company will aggressively pursue the acquisition of SMEs within the next 7 years (The National, 2013). The company will also implement a hybrid structure combining holacracy and hierarchy that facilitate good interpersonal relations, communication, and faster promotions for the best performing employees (Revill, 2013). The entry strategy is based on excellent positioning and competitive pricing. Nestle intends to position itself as an internationally respected brand that guarantees quality products at affordable prices (Koltrowitz, 2013). Dairy products will be priced much lower than confectionaries because they have the largest markets. Baby food and nutritional products will be priced 3% lower than whatever rivals are offering (Y-Sing, 2014). Currently, the company forecasts a 6% growth in sales revenue for the first year of operation. However, the intention is to achieve a 13% steady growth in the next 5 years, followed by 15% within the next 10 years. In the first year of operation, Nestle will have a 13.5% market share. The objective is to increase market share to 27% in the next 3 years and then 50% within 4 years (Nestle, 2014). This will be supported by aggressive marketing and competitive pricing. The company would like to go public in Kuwait to raise enough money to fund its expansionist strategy (World Bakers, 2013). However, this proposal is still hampered by increasing risk levels in the Kuwaiti market. The company intends to manage this risk for the next 6 years before it goes public. Algethami, S. (2014, February 24) Nestle Middle East aims to triple sales by 2020, viewed December 2, 2014, from . InsiderMedia. (2014, November 19) Record year for overseas confectionery sales, viewed December 2, 2014, from